What are components of reading instruction?

The correct answer encompasses all the critical elements necessary for effective reading instruction, which include phonics, fluency, and vocabulary. Each component plays a vital role in a comprehensive literacy program.

Phonics is essential for teaching students the relationship between sounds and letters, enabling them to decode words. This foundational skill is crucial for beginning readers as they learn to sound out unfamiliar words.

Fluency refers to the ability to read with speed, accuracy, and proper expression. Fluent readers can focus their attention on understanding the text rather than decoding individual words, which enhances comprehension and engagement.

Vocabulary development is equally important, as it provides students with the necessary words to understand and communicate effectively. A rich vocabulary allows readers to grasp meanings and concepts within texts, which is essential for overall literacy and academic success.

Incorporating all these components into reading instruction ensures that students build a strong foundation in literacy, equipping them with essential skills to become proficient readers.