How can educators assess fluency in reading among students?

Assessing fluency in reading is primarily focused on the ability of students to read text smoothly and with appropriate expression, which involves both speed and comprehension. The correct option emphasizes the importance of observing students' reading speed and expression during oral readings. This method provides direct insight into a student's reading fluency, which includes not only how fast they read but also how well they convey meaning through voice modulation, intonation, and phrasing.

Fluency is an essential component of reading that supports overall comprehension. When educators listen to students read aloud, they can gauge the fluidity of their reading, identify areas where students may struggle, and provide targeted support. This observational approach allows for a more nuanced understanding of a student's capabilities compared to assessments that focus on different skills, such as writing or spelling.

In contrast, the other options do not directly measure reading fluency. Spelling tests focus on orthographic skills rather than the prosody and pace of reading. Large-scale writing assessments center around writing proficiency instead of fluency in reading. Additionally, studying literary quotes involves comprehension and analysis of content rather than the mechanics of reading fluency itself.